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An example of the first kind is an ambiguous non-linear narrative in a film or an abstract work of art where you're not quite sure what the meaning is, or could also be inadvertent. Ambiguity by error is a situation where a piece is missing and no longer makes logical sense as it used to. This can also be done by intention by stopping or changing a communication pattern.

"There’s a famous story about what happened when Apple first introduced the iPod, with its “random” music shuffle feature. People complained that it wasn’t random, because some songs came up more often than others, which, to most people, doesn’t intuitively seem random. But that’s what randomness is: clusters of things. If you toss a handful of coins in the air and watch where they land on the ground, they will not be perfectly distributed, with even spaces between them. They will be clustered into what looks to our mind like patterns, similar to the random scattering of stars in the sky. But stars don’t look random to our eyes. Instead, they appear to be constellations of familiar figures, such as eagles, rams, fish, lions, bears, chariots, and dippers (big and little). This problem has plagued cancer researchers, who look for clusters of people with cancers, to see if there’s some clearly related cause, such as contaminated air or water near a factory. The problem also bedevils conspiracists, who see something sinister in the apparent clusters in their minds, rather than simply the randomness of life. This is why the conspiracism principle I introduced in chapter 2 bears repeating: never attribute to malice what can be explained by randomness or incompetence. (Conspirituality, p. 141)